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Mining the Complex Family of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases for Checkpoint Regulators in Immunity

Claudia Penafuerte1,2, Luis Alberto Perez-Quintero1, Valerie Vinette1

  • 1Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|September 21, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are key regulators of immune responses. This review highlights PTPs as crucial immune checkpoint modulators and potential targets for novel immunotherapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) comprise 107 human genes with diverse structures and expression.
  • PTPs are prevalent in immune cells, modulating signaling cascades crucial for immune response and self-tolerance.
  • Specific PTPs like TC-PTP (PTPN2) and SHP-1 (PTPN6) are recognized as critical immune checkpoint modulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the role of PTPs in immunity.
  • To examine PTP functions in regulating signaling pathways influenced by checkpoint inhibitors.
  • To explore PTPs as intrinsic modulators of the immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PTPs and their roles in immune regulation.
  • Analysis of PTP functions in macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells.
  • Examination of PTPs as potential targets for immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • PTPs play diverse roles in immune cell signaling, affecting both inhibition and promotion of responses.
  • PTPs are intrinsically involved in modulating immune responses, acting as checkpoint modulators.
  • The PTP gene family represents a significant source of novel targets for immunotherapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • PTPs are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and self-tolerance.
  • PTPs offer a promising avenue for developing new immunotherapies by targeting immune checkpoints.
  • Further research into PTPs could unlock novel strategies for treating immune-related diseases.

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