The concept of pattern in craniofacial growth

Area of Science:

• Biology
• Orthodontics
• Craniofacial Biology

Background:

• The term "pattern" in biology, especially in orthodontics, presents semantic challenges.
• Existing cephalometric measures often inadequately represent either pattern or growth.

Purpose of the Study:

• To clarify the concepts of craniofacial pattern and growth.
• To demonstrate the utility of separating pattern and growth for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Defining "pattern" as the invariance of relationships within a biological system.
• Quantifying craniofacial pattern using relatively invariant "craniofacial constants."
• Characterizing growth by measures sensitive to change over time.

Main Results:

• Craniofacial pattern can be objectively described and quantified.
• Growth is best identified by dynamic measures of size and shape.
• Pure pattern or growth indices offer greater clinical utility than mixed measures.

Conclusions:

• The analytical separation of pattern and growth is beneficial for morphological analysis.
• This conceptual distinction aids in growth prediction and clinical treatment planning.
• A clearer understanding enhances the analysis of facial development.