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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

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Auditory display for fluorescence-guided open brain tumor surgery.

David Black1,2,3, Horst K Hahn4,5, Ron Kikinis6,5,7

  • 1Medical Image Computing, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. david.black@mevis.fraunhofer.de.

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
|September 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

An auditory feedback system was developed to communicate fluorescence intensity during neurosurgery. This system proved intuitive, accurate, and easy to learn, aiding surgeons in objective tissue discrimination.

Keywords:
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)Fluorescence-guided resection (FGR)Human–computer interactionLabVIEWNeurosurgeryProtoporphyrin (PpIX)SonificationSpectroscopySurgical navigationUser interfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Instrumentation
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Protoporphyrin (PpIX) fluorescence aids tumor and normal brain tissue discrimination in neurosurgery.
  • Handheld fluorescence (HHF) probes offer objective spectroscopic measurement of 5-ALA-induced PpIX.
  • Current HHF probes require external monitoring of fluorescence values, hindering direct surgeon use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an auditory feedback system for communicating HHF probe-measured fluorescence intensity directly to surgeons.
  • To assess the intuitiveness, accuracy, and learnability of the auditory display for fluorescence-guided surgery.

Main Methods:

  • An auditory display was programmed to map HHF probe fluorescence values to distinct tones representing intensity ranges and error signals.
  • Laboratory evaluation involved 10 participants assessing tone recognition accuracy and response latency on a fluorescence phantom.
  • Long-term sound function memorization was tested in a separate group of 10 participants.

Main Results:

  • Participants achieved 98% accuracy in identifying played tones after training.
  • Median response time to identify tones was 2 pulses.
  • Memory tests showed 100% accuracy, indicating excellent long-term recall of sound functions.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory display is intuitive, easy to learn and remember, fast to recognize, and accurate.
  • This system provides a basis for clinical implementation in fluorescence-guided surgery and other applications requiring categorized auditory feedback.