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Pediatric Neurocysticercosis.

Pratibha Singhi1, Arushi Gahlot Saini2

  • 1Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment Unit, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. doctorpratibhasinghi@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|September 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Neurocysticercosis, a nervous system infection from Taenia solium larvae, is a leading cause of epilepsy in children, especially in North India. Early diagnosis via neuroimaging and treatment with cysticidal drugs offer good outcomes for single lesions.

Keywords:
NeurocysticercosisRing-enhancing lesionTaenia soliumTape-wormTropical disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Neurocysticercosis is the most common helminthic infection of the human nervous system, caused by Taenia solium larvae.
  • It is a significant cause of epilepsy in tropical regions and a primary cause of focal-onset seizures in children in North India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of neurocysticercosis in children.
  • To highlight the importance of neuroimaging in diagnosis and the effectiveness of cysticidal drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic neuroimaging findings, and treatment protocols for neurocysticercosis.
  • Analysis of prognosis based on lesion characteristics and disease extent.

Main Results:

  • Neurocysticercosis presents with varied symptoms influenced by cyst location, number, and viability.
  • Neuroimaging, particularly visualizing a scolex, is key for diagnosis.
  • Cysticidal drugs like albendazole, alongside steroids and anti-epileptics, are effective for lesion resolution and seizure control.
  • Single lesions show a favorable prognosis with >60% resolution within 6 months and good seizure control.

Conclusions:

  • Neurocysticercosis should be suspected in children with new-onset seizures or neurological deficits in endemic areas.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management, including cysticidal therapy, are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Prognosis is poorer for severe forms like cysticercus encephalitis and extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis.