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Optimizing patient and public involvement (PPI): Identifying its "essential" and "desirable" principles using a
Rebecca L Baines1, Sam Regan de Bere1
1Collaboration for the Advancement of Medical Education Research & Assessment, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
Summary
Patient and public involvement (PPI) in healthcare requires consensus on best practices. This study identified nine essential principles for optimizing PPI, with equal partnership and information sharing achieving the highest agreement among experts.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Patient Engagement
- Public Health Policy
Background:
- Growing international interest in active patient and public involvement (PPI) in healthcare.
- Lack of a clear consensus on optimizing the application of PPI strategies.
- Need for standardized principles in health and social care, research, education, and regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and assess underlying principles for effective patient and public involvement (PPI).
- To establish consensus on best practices for PPI across medicine, dentistry, and nursing.
- To inform the application of PPI in health and social care services, research, education, and regulation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of published and grey literature to identify PPI principles.
- Inductive thematic analysis of review findings.
- Consensus testing of identified principles using a modified Delphi methodology with PPI experts.
Main Results:
- Identified 13 PPI principles from 12 systematic reviews and 88 grey literature publications.
- Achieved essential consensus (>75% agreement) for nine principles.
- Highest consensus for 'working in equal partnership' (94.1%) and 'sharing information' (94.1%). Four principles were deemed desirable, none irrelevant.
Conclusions:
- Essential principles for optimizing patient and public involvement (PPI) best practice have been established through expert consensus.
- Desirable principles should also be pursued to further advance PPI practices.
- Findings provide a foundation for educators, regulators, researchers, and practitioners to enhance collaborative efforts.
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