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Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011-2013.

Moataz Abd El Ghany, Mona Alsomali, Malak Almasri

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |September 21, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Diarrheal infections during the Hajj pilgrimage are primarily caused by bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli. Many strains show resistance to antibiotics, posing a significant public health risk.

    Keywords:
    HajjSaudi Arabiaantimicrobial resistancebacteriadiarrheaenteric infectionsmass gatheringviruses

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • The Hajj pilgrimage is a large annual gathering with potential public health risks.
    • Gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common among pilgrims, but their causes are not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the microbial causes of diarrheal illnesses in Hajj pilgrims.
    • To investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in detected pathogens.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected 544 fecal samples from pilgrims with diarrhea during 2011-2013 Hajj seasons.
    • Screened samples for 16 common diarrheal pathogens using microbiological methods.

    Main Results:

    • Bacteria were the most common cause (82.9%), followed by viruses (6.1%) and parasites (5.3%).
    • Key bacterial pathogens included Salmonella spp., Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli.
    • Approximately 40% of Salmonella and E. coli isolates showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial infections are the primary cause of diarrhea among Hajj pilgrims.
    • The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria during Hajj is a significant public health concern.