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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Published on: January 21, 2016

The Joule heating problem in silver nanowire transparent electrodes.

H H Khaligh^1,2, L Xu^2,3, A Khosropour^1,2

¹Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.

|September 21, 2017

Summary

Silver nanowire electrodes cause dangerous hotspots, leading to failure. Graphene passivation helps but shifts failure to substrate melting, highlighting critical challenges for transparent conductive materials.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrical Engineering
Nanotechnology

Background:

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes offer an alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO).
Joule heating presents a significant challenge for silver nanowire electrode performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the unique Joule heating problem in silver nanowire transparent electrodes.
To analyze the impact of hotspots on electrode degradation and failure mechanisms.
To evaluate the effectiveness of graphene as a passivation layer.

Main Methods:

Surface temperature mapping to identify hotspots.
Lifetime testing under continuous current flow.
Post-mortem analysis and computational modeling.

Main Results:

Silver nanowire electrodes exhibit severe temperature non-uniformity, reaching over 250 °C at localized points, unlike ITO.
Hotspots accelerate nanowire degradation, causing electrode failure within 5 days.
Graphene passivation reduces nanowire degradation and improves temperature uniformity but shifts failure to substrate melting.

Conclusions:

Joule heating is a critical failure mechanism for silver nanowire transparent electrodes.
Graphene passivation mitigates but does not eliminate Joule heating issues.
Managing Joule heating is essential for the practical application of silver nanowire electrodes in devices like organic solar cells.