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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Group 1 Innate Lymphoid Cell Lineage Identity Is Determined by a cis-Regulatory Element Marked by a Long Non-coding

Walter K Mowel1, Sam J McCright1, Jonathan J Kotzin1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Immunity
|September 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A novel long non-coding RNA, Rroid, regulates group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) by controlling Id2 expression. This discovery highlights non-coding elements in ILC subset identity.

Keywords:
ILC1Id2innate lymphoid cellslineage identitylncRNAtranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial immune cells, with lineage commitment regulated by the transcriptional regulator Id2.
  • The precise regulation of Id2 expression across different ILC subsets is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling Id2 expression and ILC subset identity.
  • To identify novel cis-regulatory elements involved in ILC function.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) termed Rroid.
  • Analysis of the interaction between the Rroid locus and the Id2 promoter in group 1 ILCs.
  • Assessment of chromatin accessibility and STAT5 deposition at the Id2 promoter.

Main Results:

  • A cis-regulatory element, demarcated by the Rroid lncRNA locus, controls group 1 ILC function and identity.
  • This Rroid locus regulates Id2 expression by modulating chromatin accessibility and STAT5 binding at the Id2 promoter in response to IL-15.
  • Rroid is dispensable for early ILC development and homeostasis of ILC2s and ILC3s.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding elements, such as the Rroid locus, represent a key regulatory layer for ILC subset identity and function.
  • Extracellular cues, like IL-15, acting on these non-coding elements fine-tune ILC responses.