Trunk function in hemiplegic wheelchair users when using wheelchair cushions

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate adapting wheelchair cushions to hemiplegic individuals based on trunk function and a single-leg driving motion. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects were 18 hemiplegic adults who were able to use and sit up in a wheelchair. Subjects were grouped into Able and Unable groups according to the Functional Assessment for Control of the Trunk (FACT). The posterior pelvic tilt angle and the driving speed and muscle activity at the long head of the biceps femoris at the start of wheelchair use were measured for three wheelchair cushion conditions, and FACT factors and cushion factors were then analyzed. [Results] The cushion with anchoring functionality and no thigh pad on the driving side resulted in significantly lower posterior pelvic tilt and muscle activity of the long head of the biceps femoris. No significant difference was found among the FACT factors. The Unable group did not exhibit a difference in driving speed between no cushion and a single-layer urethane foam cushion. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the cushion with anchoring functionality and thigh pad removed on the driving side was well adapted to hemiplegic wheelchair users and particularly effective for those with low trunk control ability.