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Related Experiment Videos

Epigenetics in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

K N Hema1, T Smitha1, H S Sheethal1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP
|September 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and microRNAs, offer new insights into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development. These reversible changes in oral precancers and cancers may serve as early diagnostic biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with a poor prognosis, necessitating research into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • While genetic and environmental risk factors for oral cancer are known, the underlying genetic basis remains challenging to fully elucidate.
  • Epigenetics, involving heritable DNA changes independent of sequence, presents a promising area for understanding cell differentiation and development in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of oral precancers and cancers.
  • To investigate the potential of epigenetic variations as biomarkers for early cancer detection.
  • To understand how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to oral carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
CarcinogenesisDNAepigeneticsmethylationoral squamous cell carcinoma

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of current literature on epigenetic modifications in oral cancer.
  • Analysis of key epigenetic regulators including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • Examination of the potential for epigenetic changes in dysplastic cells to serve as diagnostic markers.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and miRNA alterations, are implicated in aberrant mechanisms observed in oral precancers and cancers.
  • Early epigenetic changes during tumorigenesis, even in premalignant lesions, can be detected in shed tumor DNA.
  • These epigenetic variations hold potential as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of oral malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are crucial in oral carcinogenesis and may offer new avenues for improving diagnosis and prevention of OSCC.
  • Epigenetic variations in oral dysplastic cells can function as a molecular fingerprint for malignancies.
  • Further research into epigenetic biomarkers could significantly enhance the management of oral cancer.