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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

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The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
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Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

5.8K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

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Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
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A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria
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H2S-Induced Sulfhydration: Biological Function and Detection Methodology.

Da Zhang1, Junbao Du1,2, Chaoshu Tang2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First HospitalBeijing, China.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|September 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrogen sulfide, a gasotransmitter, regulates cell functions by modifying proteins through sulfhydration. This review highlights sulfhydrated proteins and detection methods for this crucial post-translational modification.

Keywords:
H2Sbiological functiondetecting methodproteinsulfhydration

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a gasotransmitter with critical physiological and pathophysiological roles.
  • Sulfhydration, the modification of protein cysteine thiols by H₂S, is a key mechanism for H₂S biological functions.
  • Sulfhydration impacts diverse cellular processes, including cell death, proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of hydrogen sulfide-induced sulfhydration as a post-translational modification.
  • To introduce key sulfhydrated proteins and their functions.
  • To discuss methods for detecting protein sulfhydration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on H₂S-induced sulfhydration.
  • Identification and categorization of proteins undergoing sulfhydration.
  • Summary of techniques used for detecting protein sulfhydration.

Main Results:

  • Sulfhydration by H₂S regulates numerous cellular pathways in mammals.
  • Sulfhydration interacts with other post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and nitrosylation.
  • A variety of proteins are identified as targets of H₂S-induced sulfhydration.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen sulfide-induced sulfhydration is a vital post-translational modification with broad biological significance.
  • Understanding sulfhydrated proteins is crucial for elucidating H₂S functions.
  • Advancements in detection methods are essential for studying sulfhydration.