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Insights Into Onchocerca volvulus Population Biology Through Multilocus Immunophenotyping.

Carmelle T Norice-Tra1, José Ribeiro2, Sasisekhar Bennuru1

  • 1Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|September 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to study Onchocerca volvulus (Ov) diversity using patient antibodies. This approach reveals genetic variations in parasite populations, aiding in understanding their biology.

Keywords:
Onchocerca volvulusimmunophenotypeimmunoreactivitypopulation biologysingle nucleotide polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Onchocerca volvulus (Ov) is a parasitic nematode causing onchocerciasis.
  • Understanding Ov population diversity is crucial for disease control and elimination strategies.
  • Limited parasite material has historically hindered population biology studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a serologically based immunophenotyping approach for studying Ov population diversity.
  • To identify genetic variations (SNPs) in immunogenic Ov proteins.
  • To assess regional differences in human immune responses to these variant proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic data and PCR-based genotyping were used to identify nonsynonymous SNPs in 16 major immunogenic Ov proteins.
  • Peptides derived from 10 of these proteins, containing identified SNPs, were synthesized.
  • Immunoreactivity of sera from 152 onchocerciasis patients across different geographical regions (Americas, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa) was assessed against these peptides.

Main Results:

  • Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 16 key immunogenic Ov proteins.
  • Significant variations in immunoreactivity were observed among different geographical patient groups when exposed to SNP-containing peptides from 8 of the 10 tested proteins.
  • Specific variant antigenic peptides showed distinct immunoreactivity patterns correlating with geographical origin.

Conclusions:

  • Differences in immune responses to variant antigenic peptides can effectively characterize Ov populations.
  • This immunophenotyping approach provides a novel tool to study Ov population biology, overcoming limitations of scarce parasite material.
  • The findings open new avenues for understanding parasite evolution and host-parasite interactions in onchocerciasis.