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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Coordinating the uncoordinated: UNC119 trafficking in cilia.

Francesca Jean1, David Pilgrim1

  • 1University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.

European Journal of Cell Biology
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins build cilia, but UNC119 is also crucial for ciliary cargo transport. UNC119

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cilia are essential cellular organelles involved in diverse biological processes.
  • Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is critical for cilium assembly and maintenance.
  • IFT alone may not fully explain the construction of the ciliary environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of UNC119 in ciliary trafficking.
  • To highlight UNC119's interaction with IFT proteins and other cellular factors.
  • To discuss the complexities of ciliary transport and UNC119's broader cellular functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ciliary transport and UNC119 function.
  • Analysis of molecular interactions between UNC119, IFT proteins, and ciliary cargo.
Keywords:
CiliaIntraflagellar transportTraffickingUNC119

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  • Examination of genetic data linking UNC119 to ciliopathies.

    • Main Results:

    • UNC119 is essential for transporting specific ciliary cargos by interacting with IFT machinery.
    • Evidence suggests UNC119 plays a role beyond canonical IFT in ciliary construction.
    • Mutations in human UNC119 are rarely linked to ciliopathies, despite its importance in cilia.

    Conclusions:

    • UNC119 is a key player in constructing the ciliary environment, working alongside IFT.
    • The precise mechanisms and full impact of UNC119 in ciliary trafficking are complex and still being elucidated.
    • UNC119 also participates in non-ciliary cellular processes, indicating broader biological significance.