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Looking through a different lens: Examining the inequality-mortality association in U.S. counties using spatial panel
Tse-Chuan Yang1, Stephen A Matthews2, Kiwoong Park3
1Department of Sociology, Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, University at Albany, State University of New York, 315 AS, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, Tel: 518-442-4647, tyang3@albany.edu.
Applied Geography (Sevenoaks, England)
|September 23, 2017
Summary
Income inequality does not significantly impact mortality rates when accounting for spatial and temporal factors. Spatiotemporal analysis reveals a negative association, challenging previous cross-sectional findings.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The relationship between income inequality and mortality requires further ecological investigation.
- Existing research is often cross-sectional, failing to capture diverging mortality and inequality trends.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between income inequality and mortality using a spatiotemporal approach.
- To analyze county-level panel data from 1990-2010 for the conterminous U.S.
Main Methods:
- Employed spatial panel random effect and fixed effect models.
- Simultaneously considered spatial structure and temporal trends in inequality and mortality.
- Controlled for key mortality factors like socioeconomic status.
Main Results:
- Income inequality was not a significant predictor of mortality after accounting for spatiotemporal factors and socioeconomic status.
- Spatial panel fixed effects models showed a negative association between income inequality and mortality over time.
- Significant spatial and temporal fixed effects highlight their importance in the inequality-mortality relationship.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest income inequality may not directly affect mortality, contrary to some previous studies.
- Cross-sectional study limitations may explain prior inconclusive evidence.
- Spatiotemporal dynamics are crucial for understanding the complex relationship between inequality and mortality in the U.S.
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