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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
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Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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An Introduction to Male Germline Development.

Hannes Vogler1, Ueli Grossniklaus2, Afif Hedhly2

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland. hannes.vogler@botinst.uzh.ch.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This chapter details male germline development in plants, focusing on Arabidopsis. It covers microsporogenesis, gametophyte growth, and the unique pollen cell wall formation, crucial for plant reproduction.

Keywords:
Cell wallCluster modelExineHarmomegathyIntineLineage modelMale germlineMeiosisMicrosporogenesisPollen

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular biology

Background:

  • Male germline development is a complex process in plants, essential for sexual reproduction.
  • The pollen cell wall, composed of intine and exine layers, plays a critical role and has unique components like sporopollenin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of male germline development in plants, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model.
  • To highlight the formation and composition of the unique pollen cell wall.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant male germline development.
  • Focus on Arabidopsis thaliana for detailed examples.
  • Comparative analysis of pollen cell wall development across plant species.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of the stages: sporophytic to germline transition, microsporogenesis, gametophyte development, and double fertilization.
  • Emphasis on the distinct structure of the pollen cell wall (intine and exine) with sporopollenin in the exine.
  • Overview of cell wall development in Arabidopsis pollen.

Conclusions:

  • Male germline development in plants follows a conserved pathway with specific stages.
  • The pollen cell wall's unique structure, particularly the exine, is vital and has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis.