Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 22, 2026
07:46
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
Published on: November 15, 2013
9.0K
Stationary Black Holes: Uniqueness and Beyond
1ITP, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Living Reviews in Relativity
|September 23, 2017
Summary
Black hole solutions are more diverse than previously thought, with new configurations not defined solely by mass or angular momentum. This challenges previous understandings of black hole uniqueness and symmetry in advanced theories.
Area of Science:
- Theoretical Physics
- General Relativity
- Black Hole Physics
Background:
- The characterization of black hole solutions has traditionally relied on mass, angular momentum, and global charges.
- Symmetry properties of vacuum and electro-vacuum black hole spacetimes are well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in black hole solutions beyond traditional characterizations.
- To discuss the implications of these new solutions for black hole uniqueness theorems, particularly the Einstein-Maxwell system.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent theoretical developments in stationary black hole solutions.
- Analysis of black hole configurations in self-gravitating non-linear field theories.
- Discussion in the context of the Einstein-Maxwell uniqueness theorem.
Main Results:
- The spectrum of known black hole solutions has unexpectedly expanded.
- Not all black hole equilibrium configurations are solely determined by mass, angular momentum, and global charges.
- High symmetry observed in vacuum/electro-vacuum spacetimes is lost in self-gravitating non-linear field theories.
Conclusions:
- Recent findings challenge the completeness of mass, angular momentum, and global charges in characterizing all black hole solutions.
- The study highlights a departure from the high symmetry expected in simpler black hole spacetimes when considering non-linear field theories.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Detection of Black Holes
2.6K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
2.6K
01:21Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon
2.8K
No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape...
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape...
2.8K
01:16Second Uniqueness Theorem
2.7K
Consider a region consisting of several individual conductors with a definite charge density in the region between these conductors. The second uniqueness theorem states that if the total charge on each conductor and the charge density in the in-between region are known, then the electric field can be uniquely determined.
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the surface...
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the surface...
2.7K
01:14Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses
1.4K
The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
1.4K
01:07Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects
2.0K
Consider a system comprising several point masses. The coordinates of the center of mass for this system can be expressed as the summation of the product of each mass and its position vector divided by the total mass:
2.0K
01:18Other Unique Bacteria
494
Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
494