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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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Fetal Circulation01:14

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
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Heart rate variability in newborns.

K Javorka1, Z Lehotska, M Kozar

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia. javorka@jfmed.uniba.sk.

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|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart rate variability (HRV) in newborns reflects autonomic cardiac control maturity. Reduced HRV in premature infants and specific conditions highlights its prognostic value in neonatology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function

Background:

  • Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in newborns are influenced by various factors, including genetics, gestational age, and postnatal age.
  • Premature infants exhibit reduced HRV, indicating less mature autonomic cardiac control.
  • Hypotrophy can lead to less mature autonomic cardiac control with increased sympathetic activity contribution to HRV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine heart rate variability (HRV) in neonatology for insights into cardiac chronotropic regulation maturity.
  • To assess HRV as a potential prognostic marker for neonatal adaptation and pathological conditions.
  • To evaluate the impact of delivery mode (vaginal delivery with/without epidural anesthesia, cesarean section) on neonatal HR and HRV.

Main Methods:

  • Spectral analysis of neonatal HRV to evaluate low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) band activities.
  • Sequence plot analysis to assess sympathetic activity contribution to HRV in hypotrophic newborns.
  • Comparison of HR and HRV parameters across different delivery modes (vaginal delivery, vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia, cesarean section).

Main Results:

  • During the first postnatal days, HF band activity and total HRV increase, indicating developing parasympathetic influence.
  • Quiet sleep (QS) in newborns shows increased HF oscillations, a phenomenon less pronounced in premature infants.
  • Active sleep (AS) is associated with enhanced HRV, characterized by increased LF band activity and reduced HF band activity.
  • No significant differences in HR and time-domain HRV parameters were found between delivery modes; however, vaginal delivery showed the lowest sympathetic activity in frequency-domain analysis.
  • Pathological neonatal states are linked to reduced HRV, with improvements in health correlating with HRV changes.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal HRV examination provides crucial information on cardiac chronotropic regulation maturity and postnatal adaptation.
  • HRV serves as a potential indicator of dysregulated cardiac function, particularly in preterm infants and pathological conditions.
  • Delivery mode does not significantly impact time-domain HRV, but vaginal delivery may be associated with lower sympathetic activity.