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Pupillary light reflex is altered in adolescent depression.

A Mestanikova1, I Ondrejka, M Mestanik

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia. tonhajzerova@jfmed.uniba.sk or ingridtonhajzerova@gmail.com.

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Summary

Adolescent major depression shows altered pupillary light reflex (PLR) in the left eye, suggesting reduced parasympathetic activity. This study highlights potential autonomic nervous system imbalances in depressed youth.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Adolescent Psychiatry

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to autonomic dysregulation.
  • Pupillometry offers a noninvasive method to study autonomic function.
  • Research on pupillary light reflex (PLR) in adolescent depression is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pupillary light reflex (PLR) in adolescent girls with major depression.
  • To explore the dynamic balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in adolescent depression.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for early detection and understanding of adolescent depression.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 25 adolescent girls with MDD and 25 age/gender-matched healthy controls.
  • Measured PLR parameters using Pupillometer PLR-2000 (NeurOptics, USA).
  • Assessed PLR before pharmacotherapy to isolate effects of depression.

Main Results:

  • Depressed adolescents exhibited significantly lower left eye constriction percentual change compared to controls.
  • Average and maximum constriction velocities in the left eye were significantly reduced in the depressed group.
  • No significant differences in PLR parameters were observed for the right eye between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Altered left eye PLR in adolescent depression suggests deficient parasympathetic activity.
  • Asymmetrical PLR findings may relate to functional lateralization of autonomic control in the central nervous system.
  • Pupillometry could offer insights into autonomic dysfunction in adolescent MDD.