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Related Concept Videos

The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

134.2K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
6.8K
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons
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Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons

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BDNF at the synapse: why location matters.

M Song1, K Martinowich2,3,4, F S Lee5

  • 1Synaptic Circuit Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Dong-gu, Daegu, Korea.

Molecular Psychiatry
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for neuronal health and implicated in brain disorders. Recent studies clarify BDNF

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Dopamine Release at Individual Presynaptic Terminals Visualized with FFNs
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Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons
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An Improved Protocol to Purify and Directly Mono-Biotinylate Recombinant BDNF in a Tube for Cellular Trafficking Studies in Neurons
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Dopamine Release at Individual Presynaptic Terminals Visualized with FFNs
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neurotrophic factors, like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are vital for neuronal growth, survival, and differentiation.
  • BDNF plays significant roles in the central nervous system and is linked to various brain disorders.
  • Understanding BDNF signaling is critical, especially given its connection to rapid-acting antidepressants like ketamine.

Discussion:

  • While much is known about BDNF's genetic and biochemical aspects, its precise synaptic localization and release mechanisms remain areas of active investigation.
  • Recent genetic and cell biological studies offer new insights into the specific sites of BDNF release at the synapse.
  • This research contextualizes these findings within existing knowledge gaps and explores BDNF's role in mediating novel psychiatric treatments.

Key Insights:

  • New research illuminates the specific synaptic locations from which BDNF is released.
  • These findings address long-standing questions about BDNF's precise role at the synapse.
  • BDNF's function as a mediator for new psychiatric drugs is being actively explored.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into BDNF's synaptic release mechanisms is warranted.
  • Understanding these details may enhance therapeutic strategies for psychiatric disorders.
  • BDNF's role as a downstream effector of novel pharmacological agents requires continued study.