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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

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Current surface ozone concentrations significantly decrease wheat growth, yield and quality.

Håkan Pleijel1, Malin C Broberg1, Johan Uddling1

  • 1University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Present-day ground-level ozone (O3) significantly harms wheat crops, reducing grain yield by 8.4% and starch yield by 10.9%. This meta-analysis confirms ambient ozone

Keywords:
FiltrationGrain massGrain numberGrain yieldProteinStarch

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a known phytotoxic air pollutant with documented negative impacts on vegetation.
  • Existing research primarily compares elevated ozone levels to ambient conditions, leaving a gap in understanding preindustrial vs. current impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of current ambient surface ozone (O3) concentrations compared to preindustrial levels on agronomically important wheat variables.
  • To quantify yield and quality losses in field-grown wheat due to present-day ozone exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 33 field experiments across 9 countries and 3 continents, comparing charcoal-filtered (CF) and non-filtered (NF) air treatments.
  • CF treatments simulated preindustrial ozone levels, while NF treatments represented ambient conditions at plant height.
  • Analysis of key response variables including grain yield, biomass, starch, and protein content.

Main Results:

  • Ambient ozone significantly reduced grain yield (-8.4%), grain mass (-3.7%), harvest index (-2.4%), total biomass (-5.4%), starch concentration (-3.0%), starch yield (-10.9%), and protein yield (-6.2%).
  • No significant effects were observed for grain number or protein concentration.
  • A consistent yield loss of 0.38% per ppb of ozone removed was found, independent of experimental year or ambient ozone levels.

Conclusions:

  • Current ambient ozone concentrations cause significant detrimental effects on wheat yield and quality, particularly impacting starch yield.
  • The findings highlight the substantial economic and nutritional losses attributable to ground-level ozone pollution in wheat production.
  • This study provides robust evidence of consistent ozone damage across diverse experimental conditions.