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Evaluating doses of multi-slice CT in brain examinations using various methods.

Hung-Chih Lin1,2, Te-Jen Lai1,3, Hsien-Chun Tseng4,5

  • 1a Institute of Medicine , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan , Republic of China.

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Summary

This study measured radiation doses in brain CT scans using Rando phantoms and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Results show dose differences between axial and helical scans, emphasizing protocol optimization for patient safety.

Keywords:
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD)axial scancomputed tomography (CT)helical scan

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Protection
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) is a vital diagnostic tool, but effective radiation dose (HE) and organ or tissue equivalent dose (HT) require careful management.
  • Optimizing CT protocols is crucial for adhering to the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle, minimizing patient radiation exposure.
  • Evaluating dosimetry methods like thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and dose length product (DLP) is essential for accurate dose assessment in CT examinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effective dose (HE) and organ or tissue equivalent dose (HT) in a Rando phantom during two distinct brain CT protocols.
  • To compare radiation dose measurements obtained using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H) and the dose length product (DLP) method.
  • To provide data for optimizing CT protocols and ensuring radiation safety in diagnostic imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were placed in specific organs (thyroid, brain, salivary gland) of a Rando phantom.
  • Two brain CT protocols (axial and helical scans) were performed on a Philips Brilliance CT scanner.
  • Organ doses (HT) were measured using TLDs and a Harshaw 3500 TLD reader; effective dose (HE) was calculated using ICRP 60 and 103 guidelines and estimated via the DLP method.

Main Results:

  • Effective doses (HE) varied between protocols: axial scans yielded 2.67 ± 0.18 mSv (ICRP 60) and 1.89 ± 0.23 mSv (ICRP 103), while helical scans resulted in 4.70 ± 0.38 mSv (ICRP 60) and 4.39 ± 0.37 mSv (ICRP 103).
  • The dose length product (DLP) method, using CTDIvol, provided an alternative estimation of HE, calculated using AAPM 96.
  • Experimental results were compared with existing literature, highlighting discrepancies and validating measurement techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Different brain CT protocols result in significantly different radiation doses, necessitating careful selection and adjustment by radiologists.
  • Adherence to the ALARA principle is paramount, requiring radiologists to optimize scanning parameters to minimize patient exposure.
  • The findings offer valuable insights for patients, physicians, radiologists, and the public regarding radiation safety in brain CT examinations.