Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spore-Based Biocomposite Thermoplastic Polyesters with Enhanced Toughness and Programmable Disintegration.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Predictors and Economic Impact of Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Cardiac Surgery: A Simulated Cost Reduction Model for Preoperative Anemia Management.

Acta medica portuguesa·2026
Same author

DIW Printing of PEDOT:PSS on Living Plants for Biohybrid Systems.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Evaluating visco-hyperelastic mechanical responses of hydrogel-based scaffolds and their potential for biomechanical restoration of the human mandibular joint.

Computers in biology and medicine·2025
Same author

Guided-Mode-Resonant Colorimetric Metasurfaces for All-Optical and Nondestructive Structural Characterization of Polymeric Nanofibers.

Nano letters·2025
Same author

A responsive living material prepared by diffusion reveals extracellular enzyme activity of cyanobacteria.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs
10:19

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Published on: August 8, 2022

2.5K

Milling solid proteins to enhance activity after melt-encapsulation.

Parker W Lee1, João Maia1, Jonathan K Pokorski1

  • 1Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|September 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state ball milling reduces protein particle size, enhancing stability and activity in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) systems prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME). This solvent-free method improves protein encapsulation for therapeutic and catalytic applications.

Keywords:
Ball millingMelt extrusionPLGAProteinsStability

More Related Videos

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.8K
Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
10:01

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs
10:19

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Published on: August 8, 2022

2.5K
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.8K
Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
10:01

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • Polymeric systems are crucial for protein immobilization and delivery in therapeutics and catalysis.
  • Hot melt extrusion (HME) offers a solvent-free alternative to traditional methods, achieving high encapsulation efficiencies.
  • HME's high temperatures and mechanical stresses can compromise protein integrity, necessitating stabilization strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate solid-state ball milling as a pre-treatment to enhance protein stability during HME.
  • To evaluate the impact of milling on protein particle dispersion, activity, and structure within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrices.
  • To assess the influence of milling on the release profiles of different protein types and sizes.

Main Methods:

  • Proteins (lysozyme, glucose oxidase, Qβ virus-like particles) were subjected to solid-state ball milling to reduce particle size.
  • Milled and unmilled proteins were encapsulated into PLGA using hot melt extrusion (HME).
  • Particle dispersion, retained enzymatic activity, secondary structure stability (using circular dichroism), and in vitro release kinetics were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Ball milling effectively reduced protein particle size, leading to improved dispersion within the PLGA matrix.
  • Milled proteins exhibited significantly higher retained enzymatic activity and better secondary structure stability post-HME compared to unmilled controls.
  • The milling process influenced the release rates of proteins, with smaller particles showing altered release kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state ball milling is a valuable technique for improving the stability and performance of proteins encapsulated in PLGA via HME.
  • This pre-treatment mitigates protein denaturation and aggregation during the high-temperature HME process.
  • Milling offers a promising strategy for developing robust protein-delivery systems for diverse applications.