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Overload protection: avoidance response to heavy plantar surface loading.

S E Robbins1, A M Hanna, G J Gouw

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|February 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Running shoes lack injury protection due to flawed biomechanical models. A newly identified sensory feedback system in the foot may offer overload protection, guiding future protective footwear design.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Locomotion
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Current running footwear design integrates biomechanical models but often fails to prevent injuries.
  • This inadequacy may stem from incomplete biomechanical models that neglect crucial feedback control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a hypothesized plantar surface sensory-mediated feedback control system.
  • To explain the limitations of current athletic footwear in injury prevention and protection.

Main Methods:

  • A heuristic approach was employed to investigate the hypothesized feedback system.
  • Random loads (0-164 kg) were applied to the knee (flexed at 90 degrees) to measure plantar surface avoidance behavior.
  • Avoidance behavior was quantified as the difference between applied load and measured plantar surface load, mediated by hip flexor activation.

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Main Results:

  • Significant plantar surface avoidance behavior was observed in all subjects under varying loads (P < 0.001).
  • Avoidance behavior magnitude increased proportionally with applied knee load across all tested surfaces, including athletic footwear (P < 0.001).
  • Distinct differences in avoidance behavior were noted across different weight-bearing surfaces (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • A sensory-mediated feedback control system moderating locomotion loading has been identified.
  • This system provides an explanation for the ineffectiveness and potential harm of current athletic footwear.
  • Findings suggest a pathway for designing genuinely protective footwear by incorporating this feedback mechanism.