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Julia F Hopkins1, Veronica Y Sabelnykova2, Joachim Weischenfeldt3,4

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Mitochondrial mutations are common in prostate cancer and linked to aggressive disease. These mutations, called mitochondrial single-nucleotide variants (mtSNVs), increase with age and interact with nuclear mutations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear mutations are established drivers of cancer, influencing incidence, progression, and treatment response.
  • The role and prevalence of mutations in the mitochondrial genome, inherited maternally, remain largely unexplored in prostate cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and clinical significance of mitochondrial genome mutations in localized prostate cancer.
  • To explore the relationship between mitochondrial mutations, nuclear mutations, and disease aggressiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of mitochondrial genomes from 384 localized prostate cancer patients.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial single-nucleotide variants (mtSNVs) and their association with clinical parameters.
  • Investigation of co-occurrence patterns between mitochondrial and nuclear mutations.

Main Results:

  • A median of one mtSNV was identified per patient.
  • Recurrent mtSNVs were associated with aggressive prostate cancer.
  • mtSNV frequency increased with patient age.
  • Specific mtSNVs showed co-occurrence with nuclear mutations, such as MYC oncogene gain, impacting patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial mutations are frequent in prostate cancer and are associated with clinical outcomes.
  • Age is a significant factor influencing mitochondrial mutation burden.
  • Interplay between mitochondrial and nuclear mutational profiles may contribute to prostate cancer development and progression.