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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

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A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
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Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

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Sodium Channel Trafficking.

A Mercier1, P Bois1, A Chatelier2

  • 1Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Pôle Biologie Santé, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|September 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are vital for electrical activity. Their cellular trafficking undergoes strict quality control, which can be targeted pharmacologically, especially in pathological conditions affecting cardiac and neuronal cells.

Keywords:
Forward traffickingMembrane targetingRetrograde transportTrafficking modulatorsVoltage-gated sodium channel

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are essential for cellular electrical activity, including action potential initiation and propagation.
  • Proper function relies on precise trafficking and membrane targeting of these proteins.
  • Dysregulation of VGSC trafficking is implicated in various pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the VGSC life cycle.
  • To highlight the importance of quality control mechanisms in VGSC trafficking.
  • To discuss the relevance of VGSC trafficking in cardiac and neuronal cells, particularly in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of VGSC biosynthesis, trafficking, and membrane targeting.
  • Analysis of quality control processes in cellular adaptation.
  • Examination of pathological implications in cardiac and neuronal contexts.

Main Results:

  • VGSC undergo rigorous quality control during biosynthesis, trafficking, and membrane insertion.
  • Aberrant quality control can lead to the retention of functional VGSC.
  • These trafficking pathways are crucial in both cardiac and neuronal cell types.

Conclusions:

  • The life cycle of VGSC, encompassing their trafficking and quality control, is complex and critical for cellular function.
  • Pharmacological targeting of VGSC quality control presents a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases involving channel dysfunction.
  • Understanding VGSC dynamics in cardiac and neuronal cells is key to developing effective treatments.