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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
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Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
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Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
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A method to establish stimulus control and compliance with instructions.

John G Borgen1, F Charles Mace2, Brenna M Cavanaugh3

  • 1Oregon Institute of Technology.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|September 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new procedure to improve instruction compliance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The method uses reinforcement strategies to increase compliance and establish therapist as a positive influence.

Keywords:
children with ASDcompliancenoncompliancestimulus controltranslational research

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit low compliance with instructions, posing challenges for intervention.
  • Establishing effective communication and compliance is crucial for therapeutic progress in ASD.
  • Existing methods may not adequately address the foundational elements for consistent compliance.

Observation:

  • A novel procedure was developed to enhance compliance in four young children with ASD.
  • The procedure focused on establishing the therapist as a positive reinforcer.
  • Key elements included evoking orienting responses and managing reinforcement contingencies.

Findings:

  • The intervention successfully increased compliance by strategically pairing instructions with reinforcement.
  • Alternating high-probability with low-probability instructions helped maintain stimulus control.
  • Minimizing non-compliance exposures was critical for the procedure's effectiveness.

Implications:

  • This procedure offers a potential method for improving instruction following in children with ASD.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the development of stimulus control in behavioral interventions.
  • The study exemplifies translational research, bridging basic science and clinical application.