Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.4K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.4K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.1K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.1K
Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

2.3K
The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
2.3K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.9K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
48.9K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

51.0K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
51.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tetramethylsilane Coordination to Neutral, Heavier Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Bulky Terphenyl Phosphines Stabilize Otherwise Highly Reactive Iridium Fragments, Key in C-H Activation Reactions.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Comparison Between Artificial Intelligence-Based Models and Traditional Risk Scores for Predicting Risks in Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

The Journal of surgical research·2026
Same author

Experimental and theoretical studies on the (co)cyclotrimerization of alkynes (and ethylene) in a TpRh compound.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Diastereoselective and Chemically Reversible C-C Bond Formation Mediated by an (N-heterocyclic)boryloxy Aluminyl Compound.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Magnesium(0) complexes and their reduction reactions with binary transition metal carbonyls.

Chemical science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

9.1K

Electronic Delocalization in Two and Three Dimensions: Differential Aggregation in Indium "Metalloid" Clusters.

Andrey V Protchenko1, Juan Urbano1,2, Joseph A B Abdalla1

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The choice of supporting ligand significantly impacts indium boryl precursor reduction. Different ligands yield distinct indium-indium bonded networks, from nanoscale clusters to planar tetranuclear systems.

Keywords:
Group 13 elementsborylgalliumindiummetal cluster

More Related Videos

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.8K
Synthesis of In37P20O2CR51 Clusters and Their Conversion to InP Quantum Dots
08:21

Synthesis of In37P20O2CR51 Clusters and Their Conversion to InP Quantum Dots

Published on: May 7, 2019

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

9.1K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.8K
Synthesis of In37P20O2CR51 Clusters and Their Conversion to InP Quantum Dots
08:21

Synthesis of In37P20O2CR51 Clusters and Their Conversion to InP Quantum Dots

Published on: May 7, 2019

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Indium boryl precursors are key for synthesizing novel indium-indium (M-M) bonded networks.
  • The structural diversity of these networks is crucial for developing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how supporting ligands influence the reduction of indium boryl precursors.
  • To characterize the resulting indium-indium bonded networks.

Main Methods:

  • Potassium reduction of bis(boryl)indium(III) chloride precursor.
  • Potassium reduction of (benzamidinate)In(III)Br(boryl) precursor.
  • Structural characterization of the resulting indium clusters and networks.

Main Results:

  • Isolation of an unprecedented nanoscale cluster [In68(boryl)12]- with a concentric In12@In44@In12(boryl)12 structure.
  • Formation of a near-planar, tetranuclear [In4(boryl)4]2- system from a different precursor.
  • Demonstration of ligand-controlled synthesis of diverse indium-indium bonded architectures.

Conclusions:

  • The supporting ligand plays a critical role in directing the dimensionality and structure of indium-indium bonded networks.
  • This work expands the scope of indium cluster and network synthesis.
  • Ligand design offers a pathway to tune the properties of indium-based materials.