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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Crystal Field Theory
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Core-shell structured mZVI/Ca(OH)2 particle: Morphology, aggregation and corrosion.

Cai-Jie Wei1, Xiao-Mao Wang2, Xiao-Yan Li3

  • 1Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|September 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Coating micro-sized zero valent iron (mZVI) particles with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) enhances their stability and dispersion. This shell protects the iron from oxidation and slows aggregation, improving transport in environmental applications.

Keywords:
AggregationAnti-corrosionCalcium hydroxideCore-shell structureDLVOHeterogeneous nucleationMicro-sized zero-valent-iron

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Micro-sized zero valent iron (mZVI) is effective for environmental remediation but suffers from rapid aggregation and oxidation.
  • Surface modification is needed to improve the stability and transport of mZVI particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for coating mZVI particles with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to enhance their properties.
  • To investigate the effect of Ca(OH)2 coating on mZVI particle stability, reactivity, and magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis of Ca(OH)2 shell on mZVI particles in oversaturated Ca(OH)2 solution.
  • Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).
  • Standard corrosion tests to evaluate anticorrosive properties.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneous nucleation and growth of a Ca(OH)2 shell on mZVI particles were observed.
  • The Ca(OH)2 shell exhibited anticorrosive properties, protecting Fe0 from oxidation.
  • Ca(OH)2 coating significantly slowed mZVI aggregation and reduced magnetic attraction, enhancing dispersion stability.
  • Shell growth followed zero-order kinetics with a rate constant of approximately 15 nm/h.

Conclusions:

  • Ca(OH)2 shell coating is an effective strategy to improve mZVI particle stability and dispersion.
  • The modified mZVI particles show enhanced performance for environmental applications due to improved transport and reduced reactivity.
  • Ca(OH)2 shell dissolution is pH-dependent, influencing particle behavior in different aquatic environments.