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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
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Periostin in Allergic Inflammation.

Kenji Izuhara1, Kazuhiko Arima1, Shoichiro Ohta2

  • 1Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences.

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|September 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Periostin, a protein involved in tissue repair, is crucial for allergic inflammation. Targeting periostin shows promise for diagnosing and treating allergic diseases like asthma.

Keywords:
allergyatopic dermatitisbronchial asthmainflammationperiostin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in tissue remodeling.
  • It acts as a matricellular protein, influencing cell activation.
  • Periostin is a downstream target of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key cytokines in type 2 immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of periostin in allergic inflammation.
  • To explore periostin's involvement in conditions like bronchial asthma and skin allergies.
  • To assess the potential of periostin as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for allergic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Identifying periostin as a downstream molecule of IL-4 and IL-13.
  • Analyzing periostin's role in subepithelial fibrosis in asthma.
  • Investigating periostin's communication between fibroblasts and keratinocytes in skin inflammation.
  • Evaluating the effects of blocking periostin-αv integrin interaction and down-regulating periostin expression in vitro and in mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Periostin is a key component of allergic inflammation, particularly in bronchial asthma.
  • It amplifies and sustains allergic inflammation in skin tissues.
  • Serum periostin levels correlate with local inflammation and predict treatment efficacy for asthma.
  • Interventions targeting periostin or its receptor improved inflammation in experimental systems.

Conclusions:

  • Periostin plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation.
  • Periostin serves as a potential biomarker for allergic diseases.
  • Targeting periostin offers a promising therapeutic strategy for allergic conditions.