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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
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Self-Reference Emerges Earlier than Emotion during an Implicit Self-Referential Emotion Processing Task:

Haiyan Zhou1,2,3, Jialiang Guo1,4, Xiaomeng Ma1

  • 1Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing, China.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|September 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Self-reference is processed earlier than emotion in implicit tasks, influencing emotional evaluation. This early self-activation modulates self-positivity bias in emotional processing.

Keywords:
ERPemotionother-referenceselfself-reference

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Self-referential emotion involves evaluating stimuli relative to the self.
  • Self-positivity bias is observed in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals around 400 ms in non-discriminative tasks.
  • Previous research shows inconsistent temporal dynamics in EEG signals when distinguishing self-referential from other-referential emotions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of self-reference in implicit emotional processing.
  • To test the hypothesis that self is rapidly activated early to modulate later emotional processing.
  • To explore differences in social-related emotional evaluation between self-reference and general other-reference.

Main Methods:

  • An implicit task requiring participants to judge the order of trait adjectives preceded by 'I' or a general 'other' pronoun.
  • Recording event-related potentials (ERPs) using electroencephalogram (EEG).
  • Analyzing ERP components like N1, P1, N2, and the late positive potential (LPP).

Main Results:

  • Self-other discrimination effects were observed early in N1 (80-110 ms) and P1 (170-200 ms) components.
  • Emotional valence discrimination occurred later, in the N2 component (220-250 ms).
  • Interaction between self-reference and emotional valence was found in the LPP (400-500 ms), with a positive correlation between response time and N1 suggesting self-positivity bias modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Self-reference is activated earlier than emotional processing in implicit tasks.
  • Early self-activation modulates subsequent emotional evaluation and processing.
  • The self plays an integrated and modulated role in self-referential emotion processing.