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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

4.8K
Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

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Fetal pleural effusion and Down syndrome.

Li Cao1, Yan Du2, Ling Wang3,4,5

  • 1Ultrasound Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research
|September 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Fetal pleural effusion, fluid in the fetal chest cavity, has unknown causes but improved survival rates. Advances in prenatal diagnosis and treatments like thoracoamniotic shunting offer better outcomes.

Keywords:
Down syndromePleural effusiondiagnosisetiologyprognosistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Fetal pleural effusion is a rare chest cavity fluid accumulation.
  • It presents as primary or secondary fetal hydrothorax.
  • Etiology remains largely unknown, with symptom-based treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of fetal pleural effusion.
  • To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.
  • To discuss the variable prognosis and improved survival rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on fetal pleural effusion.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions, including thoracoamniotic shunting.

Main Results:

  • Prognosis varies widely, from spontaneous resolution to fetal demise.
  • Prenatal diagnostic accuracy has increased.
  • Thoracoamniotic shunting demonstrates improved patient survival rates.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal pleural effusion management has advanced significantly.
  • Improved prenatal diagnosis and interventions enhance survival.
  • Further research into underlying causes is warranted.