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Waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis.

V Ramalingaswami1, R H Purcell

  • 1Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 12, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) outbreaks primarily affect young adults. Pregnant women face severe risks, including fatal liver failure, highlighting the need for clean water and hygiene for hepatitis prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) causes outbreaks, particularly in young adults.
  • The illness is generally mild, but pregnant women have a high mortality rate due to fulminant hepatic failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis.
  • To highlight the severity in pregnant women and geographical distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on epidemiological links to contaminated water and excluding hepatitis A and B.
  • Liver biopsy shows characteristic histological features.
  • Detection involves identifying virus-like particles in stool aggregated by patient antibodies.

Main Results:

  • NANB is prevalent in South-East Asia and India, with emerging recognition in Africa and Latin America.
  • Outbreaks show a predilection for young adults.
  • Fulminant hepatic failure and high case-fatality rates are observed in pregnant women.

Conclusions:

  • Control strategies include improving water supplies, sanitation, and personal/food hygiene.
  • Passive immunization with immunoglobulin may offer protection to vulnerable populations.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing NANB outbreaks.

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