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Intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery.

Andrew A Fanous1,2, Dheerendra Prasad1,2,3, David Mathieu4

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences
|September 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) offers a non-invasive treatment for brain lesions by precisely delivering high radiation doses. While effective for many conditions, it can cause adverse radiation effects that require careful monitoring and management.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an advanced technique for treating intracranial pathologies.
  • It utilizes precisely targeted high-dose radiation to create or obliterate lesions with minimal invasiveness.
  • Technological advancements allow for diverse treatment target shapes, reducing morbidity risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for intracranial lesions.
  • To discuss the mechanisms, delivery methods, applications, and potential complications of SRS.
  • To highlight the importance of distinguishing adverse radiation effects from tumor progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of stereotactic radiosurgery principles and evolution.
  • Description of various SRS delivery systems (linear accelerators, Gamma Knife, charged particle methods).
  • Discussion of pathological tissue response stages: necrosis, resorption, and glial scar formation.

Main Results:

  • SRS is effective for treating a range of intracranial lesions including metastases, meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas, and arteriovenous malformations.
  • It is also utilized for functional conditions like trigeminal neuralgia and tremors.
  • Adverse radiation effects on adjacent normal brain tissue are a potential complication.

Conclusions:

  • Stereotactic radiosurgery is a valuable non-surgical treatment for numerous intracranial conditions.
  • Distinguishing between tumor progression and adverse radiation effects is crucial and aided by imaging.
  • Management options for adverse radiation effects include observation, medication, and interventions.