A Design of Solid-State Li-S Cell with Evaporated Lithium Anode To Eliminate Shuttle Effects

Li-S batteries hold great potential for energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, the shuttle of polysulfides in conventional Li-S batteries with organic electrolyte results in severe problems, such as low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. Here, we developed a solid-state Li-S battery using Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃ (LAGP) solid ceramic electrolyte instead of liquid electrolyte. Lithium film was deposited on one side of LAGP by an evaporation method to improve the contact between anode and LAGP. Sulfur-coated carbon nanotubes cathode (S-MWCNT) composition was casted on the other side of LAGP as the cathode and a small amount of ionic liquid was dropped in order to improve the ionic conductivity. This battery exhibited a high capacity of 1510 mAh g^-1 in the first cycle and retained 1400 mAh g^-1 after 30 cycles. Meanwhile, the Coulombic efficiency of the battery was almost 100% for each cycle, which indicated the shuttle effect was circumvented completely.