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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice
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Could FreeStyle Libre™ sensor glucose data support decisions for safe driving?

G Rayman1, J Kröger2, J Bolinder3

  • 1Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK.

Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association
|September 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flash glucose monitoring provides valuable data for safe driving in individuals with diabetes. This technology offers advantages over traditional blood glucose testing for meeting driving standards.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Management
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Driving regulations for individuals with diabetes often mandate specific blood glucose testing standards.
  • Current regulations may not permit the use of interstitial glucose measurements for driving assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if flash glucose-sensing technology can offer supplementary data for assessing safe driving capabilities in individuals with diabetes.
  • To determine the utility of interstitial glucose monitoring in conjunction with driving safety standards.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sensor data from two European studies (NCT02232698, NCT02082184) involving the FreeStyle Libre Glucose Monitoring System.
  • Analyzed data from 241 participants with Type 1 diabetes and 224 with Type 2 diabetes.
  • Determined the frequency of low interstitial glucose (< 3.9 mmol/l) within 4 hours of a capillary blood glucose ≥ 5 mmol/l during daytime hours.

Main Results:

  • A low interstitial glucose result (< 3.9 mmol/l) occurred within 4 hours of a capillary glucose ≥ 5 mmol/l in 22.0% of Type 1 diabetes cases and 8.4% of Type 2 diabetes cases.
  • Low glucose events were observed within 2 hours (13.8% Type 1, 4.4% Type 2) and 1.5 hours (10.0% Type 1, 3.1% Type 2).
  • Glucose trend arrows indicated a descending trend in 14.7% of Type 1 and 9.4% of Type 2 diabetes cases when sensor glucose was 5-7 mmol/l.

Conclusions:

  • Interstitial glucose monitoring, particularly with directional arrows, can provide valuable insights into glucose levels relevant for driving safety.
  • This technology presents potential advantages over traditional blood glucose testing for individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes to meet driving safety standards.