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Dynamic range in BOLD modulation: lifespan aging trajectories and association with performance.

Kristen M Kennedy1, Maria A Boylan1, Jenny R Rieck1

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Cognitive aging is linked to changes in brain activity modulation. Greater brain activity changes during cognitive tasks predict better performance and cognitive ability, indicating successful aging.

Keywords:
AgingCouplingDifficulty modulationWorking memoryfMRIn-back

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Cognitive aging is associated with alterations in brain activity modulation.
  • The dynamic range of brain activation modulation is a potential marker for cognitive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of age on brain activation modulation during working memory tasks.
  • To identify age-related changes in the dynamic range of neural responses to increasing cognitive difficulty.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 171 adults aged 20-94 years using blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) activation during a working memory task with parametric load increases.
  • Analyzed parametric increases (positive modulation) and decreases (negative modulation) in activation related to working memory load.
  • Examined age-related differences in modulation effects to identify regions showing age-dependent changes.

Main Results:

  • Weakened brain activation modulation with age was observed in both positively and negatively modulated regions.
  • Age-related alterations in positive modulation appeared later in life compared to negative modulation.
  • Greater modulation (both up- and down-regulation) correlated with better working memory task accuracy and performance.

Conclusions:

  • A wider dynamic range of brain activation modulation in response to cognitive challenge is associated with better cognitive performance.
  • These findings support the utility of dynamic modulation range as a biomarker for successful cognitive aging.
  • Age-related changes in neural modulation are linked to cognitive function and working memory capacity.