Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 22, 2026

High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize Zea mays L.
Published on: June 16, 2018
Physicochemical properties of nixtamalized black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flours
David Santiago-Ramos1, Juan de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas2, José Juan Véles-Medina2
1Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, Querétaro, Querétaro C. P. 76010, Mexico.
Abstract:
The aim of this work was to study the effect of three nixtamalization processes using wood ashes, Ca(OH)2, and CaCl2 on the physicochemical properties of beans. Raw beans had C-type starch, 10.10% resistant starch (RS), and two DSC endotherms: 1) starch gelatinization, and 2) melting of amylose-lipid complexes plus protein denaturation. Nixtamalization increased the Ca and Fe content, decreased the RS content to 4.19-4.43%, and produced starch retrogradation. DSC and FT-IR analysis of the flours evidenced a "stabilizing" effect of cooking with NaCl and CaCl2 on bean proteins. In contrast, cooking with wood ashes and Ca(OH)2 produced denaturation of bean proteins, decreasing the second transition enthalpy and absorption bands of amide I, II and III. Results showed that traditional and classic nixtamalization of beans are alternatives to obtaining mineral fortified flours that could be used as ingredients in the elaboration of foods with a good nutritional profile.
Related Concept Videos
Phase Diagram
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Phase Diagrams
Phase Changes
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Phase Transitions
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...

