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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...

RNA Interference

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This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Rules for functional microRNA targeting.

Doyeon Kim¹, Hee Ryung Chang¹, Daehyun Baek²

¹Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

|September 27, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs). This review evaluates existing miRNA targeting rules, highlighting inconsistencies and the need for clearer functional guidelines.

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Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

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Published on: February 6, 2017

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
miRNAs function within RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC) to repress target messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
Understanding miRNA targeting rules is crucial for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and evaluate previously reported miRNA targeting rules.
To discuss the biological impact of miRNA functional targeting on gene regulatory networks.
To identify future research directions in miRNA targeting.

Main Methods:

Literature review of high-throughput biochemical assays and bioinformatics analyses.
Evaluation of reported miRNA targeting rules and their reproducibility.
Discussion of miRNA-mediated gene regulation.

Main Results:

Previously reported miRNA targeting rules often lack consistency across studies.
General rules for functional miRNA targeting remain elusive.
miRNAs significantly impact gene-regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

There is a critical need to establish robust and reproducible miRNA targeting rules.
Further research is required to fully understand the biological impact of miRNA targeting.
Standardized methodologies are necessary for advancing miRNA research.