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High temperatures and nephrology: The climate change problem.

Alberto de Lorenzo1, Fernando Liaño1

  • 1Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Red de Investigación Renal (REDinRED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, España.

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PubMed
Summary

Climate change impacts kidney health, with heat waves increasing acute renal failure risk. Chronic kidney disease may arise from recurrent dehydration due to high temperatures.

Keywords:
Acute renal failureAlteraciones electrolíticasCambio climáticoChronic kidney disease of unknown aetiologyClimate changeElectrolyte disordersEnfermedad renal crónica de etiología desconocidaFracaso renal agudoNefrologíaNephrologySeasonal variations of glomerular filtration rateVariaciones estacionales del filtrado glomerular

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Nephrology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Climate change significantly impacts human health, with limited research on renal outcomes.
  • Heat waves are linked to increased cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal morbidity and mortality.
  • Recurrent dehydration from high temperatures may cause unrecognized proteinuric chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of climate change, particularly heat waves and extreme temperatures, on kidney function and health.
  • To explore the link between dehydration and chronic kidney disease.
  • To identify seasonal variations in kidney function and their contribution to renal failure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on climate change and renal outcomes.
  • Analysis of heat wave impacts on acute renal failure and hospitalizations.
  • Examination of seasonal variations in glomerular filtration rate.
  • Review of studies on serum sodium disorders during hot periods.

Main Results:

  • Heat waves increase the risk of acute renal failure, hospitalizations, and mortality.
  • Chronic kidney disease may develop from recurrent dehydration due to prolonged heat exposure.
  • Seasonal variations in glomerular filtration rate can precipitate renal failure and electrolyte imbalances during hot weather.
  • Serum sodium disorders appear to increase during extreme heat, though literature is sparse.

Conclusions:

  • Climate change poses a significant threat to kidney health through heat waves and dehydration.
  • Early recognition of dehydration as a cause of chronic kidney disease is crucial.
  • Vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with chronic conditions, are at highest risk for heat-related kidney issues.