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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants
Published on: January 1, 2016
Preparation of a reversed-phase/anion-exchange mixed-mode spherical sorbent by Pickering emulsion polymerization for
Chaonan Huang1, Yun Li2, Jiajia Yang3
1Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Abstract:
The present work represents a simple and effective preparation of a novel mixed-mode anion-exchange (MAX) sorbent based on porous poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene] (poly(DEAEMA-DVB)) spherical particles synthesized by one-step Pickering emulsion polymerization. The poly(DEAEMA-DVB) particles were quaternized with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) followed by triethylamine (TEA) via epoxy-amine reaction to offer strong anion exchange properties. The synthesized MAX sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements and elemental analysis. The MAX sorbent possessed regular spherical shape and narrow diameter distribution (15-35μm), a high IEC of 0.54meq/g, with carbon and nitrogen contents of 80.3% and 1.62%, respectively. Compared to poly(DEAEMA-DVB), the MAX sorbent exhibited decreased SBET (390.5 vs. 515.3m2g-1), pore volume (0.74 vs. 0.85cm3g-1) and pore size (16.8 vs. 17.3nm). Moreover, changes of N content for producing the MAX sorbent reveal a successful two-step quaternization, which can be highly related to such a high IEC. Finally, the MAX sorbent was successfully evaluated for selective isolation and purification of some selected acidic pharmaceuticals (ketoprofen, KEP; naproxen, NAP; and ibuprofen, IBP) from neutral (hydrocortisone, HYC), basic (carbamazepine, CAZ; amitriptyline, AMT) pharmaceuticals and other interferences in water samples using solid phase extraction (SPE). An efficient analytical method based on the MAX-based mixed-mode SPE coupled with HPLC-UV was developed for highly selective extraction and cleanup of acidic KEP, NAP and IBP in spiked wastewater samples. The developed method exhibited good sensitivity (0.009-0.085μgL-1 limit of detection), satisfactory recoveries (82.1%-105.5%) and repeatabilities (relative standard deviation < 7.9%, n=3).
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