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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Pluripotent stem cell differentiation reveals distinct developmental pathways regulating lung- versus thyroid-lineage

Maria Serra1,2, Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos1,2, Finn Hawkins1,2

  • 1Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|September 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified key signaling pathways to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into either lung or thyroid cells. This breakthrough advances regenerative medicine and our understanding of foregut progenitor development.

Keywords:
EmbryoEndodermLungNkx2-1Pluripotent stem cellsThyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into various somatic cells, crucial for research and therapies.
  • Distinguishing lung from thyroid epithelial lineages from Nkx2-1+ foregut progenitors remains challenging due to varied reported signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify minimal signaling pathways that distinctly specify lung versus thyroid epithelial lineages from foregut endoderm using PSCs.
  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation of these pathways between mice and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to model early foregut development.
  • Applied specific combinations of signaling pathways (Wnt+BMP, BMP+FGF) to direct lineage specification.
  • Analyzed lineage-specific progenitor pool derivation and conservation across species.

Main Results:

  • Identified Wnt+BMP and BMP+FGF as key minimal pathways for lung and thyroid specification, respectively.
  • Demonstrated evolutionary conservation of these pathways in mice and humans.
  • Found FGF signaling dispensable for lung specification, contrary to previous findings.

Conclusions:

  • Established distinct signaling pathways for selective derivation of lung and thyroid progenitors from foregut endoderm.
  • Enabled independent derivation of Nkx2-1+ lung or thyroid progenitor pools for 3D culture, developmental studies, and regenerative therapies.
  • Advanced the potential for targeted regenerative medicine applications by clarifying lineage-specific differentiation protocols.