Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

42.8K
The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
42.8K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

7.7K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.7K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

18.8K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
18.8K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

4.8K
4.8K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

9.1K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
9.1K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

4.1K
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Selective interaction of SMCHD1 with chromatin is governed by LRIF1 and SMCHD1 ATPase activity.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

SETDB1 and HUSH modulate Xist RNA levels during establishment of X chromosome inactivation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Chromatin binding and N-terminal domains of DNMT3B1 confer specificity for developmentally regulated CpG island methylation.

Genes & development·2026
Same author

m<sup>6</sup>A and the NEXT complex direct Xist RNA turnover and X-inactivation dynamics.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2025
Same author

Hbo1 and Msl complexes preserve differential compaction and H3K27me3 marking of active and inactive X chromosomes during mitosis.

Nature cell biology·2025
Same author

YY1 binding is a gene-intrinsic barrier to Xist-mediated gene silencing.

EMBO reports·2024
Same journal

The microlandscapes of tree trunks: the effect of lichen and tree-level characteristics on arthropod communities.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Centimetre-scale landscapes to assess the motion behaviour and cognition of gastropods and bivalves.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Intertidal microcosms of wave-swept rocky shores: ecological and physiological insights from a uniquely stressful environment.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Temporal and spatial variation in temperature and oxygen at the microscale: key niche axes for aquatic life.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Natural microcosms in ecology: fulfilling the promise of model systems?

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Microbe-induced galls and plant defence: metabolite crosstalk in a co-evolutionary battle.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
15:54

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: June 14, 2014

28.5K

Polycomb complexes in X chromosome inactivation.

Neil Brockdorff1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK neil.brockdorff@bioch.ox.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|September 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates RNA binding proteins (RBPs) involved in Xist-mediated gene silencing during X inactivation. It reviews recent progress in understanding Polycomb recruitment by Xist RNA and its role in silencing.

Keywords:
PolycombX inactivationXist RNA

More Related Videos

Pooled shRNA Screen for Reactivation of MeCP2 on the Inactive X Chromosome
11:15

Pooled shRNA Screen for Reactivation of MeCP2 on the Inactive X Chromosome

Published on: March 2, 2018

7.7K
Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
12:42

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation

Published on: November 26, 2014

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
15:54

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: June 14, 2014

28.5K
Pooled shRNA Screen for Reactivation of MeCP2 on the Inactive X Chromosome
11:15

Pooled shRNA Screen for Reactivation of MeCP2 on the Inactive X Chromosome

Published on: March 2, 2018

7.7K
Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
12:42

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation

Published on: November 26, 2014

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • X inactivation research aims to identify RNA binding proteins (RBPs) critical for Xist-mediated gene silencing.
  • Early models proposed Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 recruitments to the inactive X chromosome (Xi) via Xist RNA.
  • PRC1 and PRC2 catalyze histone modifications H2AK119u1 and H3K27me3, respectively, which are enriched on the Xi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent progress in understanding Xist-mediated gene silencing.
  • To address discrepancies regarding Polycomb recruitment mechanisms by Xist RNA.
  • To clarify the contribution of the Polycomb pathway to Xist-mediated silencing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and experimental findings.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms for Polycomb recruitment by Xist RNA.
  • Evaluation of the role of Polycomb complexes in X chromosome inactivation.

Main Results:

  • Recent reports challenge the prevailing model of Polycomb recruitment by Xist RNA.
  • Discrepancies exist regarding the precise mechanism and the extent of Polycomb pathway involvement in Xist-mediated silencing.
  • The article highlights ongoing research to resolve these conflicting observations.

Conclusions:

  • The precise mechanisms by which Xist RNA recruits Polycomb proteins are under active investigation.
  • The contribution of Polycomb complexes to X chromosome silencing requires further clarification.
  • This review synthesizes recent advancements, offering insights into the complexities of X inactivation.