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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanomaterials
  • Radiation Damage

Background:

  • Non-equilibrium grain boundaries (GBs) in nanocrystalline (NC) materials possess excess free volume and higher energy.
  • These characteristics may enhance their efficiency as sinks for irradiation-induced point defects (interstitials and vacancies).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the defect sink efficiencies of equilibrium and non-equilibrium GBs in NC materials under irradiation.
  • To investigate the microstructural evolution of NC iron with different GB types upon irradiation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of annealed (equilibrium GBs) and as-deposited (non-equilibrium GBs) NC iron films under irradiation.
  • Atomistic simulations to elucidate defect behavior and GB evolution at short timescales.

Main Results:

  • NC iron with non-equilibrium GBs exhibited a lower number density and smaller average size of defect clusters after irradiation.
  • Simulations indicated that excess free volume at non-equilibrium GBs reduces point defect survival rates in irradiation cascades.
  • Non-equilibrium GBs showed less structural alteration post-irradiation compared to equilibrium GBs.

Conclusions:

  • Non-equilibrium GBs function as more effective sinks for irradiation-induced defects.
  • The findings suggest that materials with non-equilibrium GBs could offer improved radiation tolerance.