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Cryogenian evolution of stigmasteroid biosynthesis.

Yosuke Hoshino1, Aleksandra Poshibaeva2, William Meredith3

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.

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|September 27, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of C29 sterol biosynthesis in algae emerged during the Cryogenian period, coinciding with Snowball Earth glaciations. This innovation spurred the global dominance of green algae in marine ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Paleontology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic sterols in sediments offer insights into early algal evolution.
  • Specific sterol abundances influence algal cell membrane properties, impacting survival during temperature shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive inventory of syngenetic steranes in Neoproterozoic rocks.
  • To determine the evolutionary timeline of C29 sterol biosynthesis and its environmental drivers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sedimentary hydrocarbon remnants.
  • New geochemical analyses of Neoproterozoic rock samples.

Main Results:

  • Identified the emergence of C29 24-ethyl-sterol biosynthesis between 720 and 635 million years ago (Cryogenian period).
  • Demonstrated that Neoproterozoic glaciations acted as evolutionary stimulants for algal biochemical innovation.
  • Linked this biochemical innovation to the rise of green algae in marine ecosystems.

Conclusions:

  • The Cryogenian emergence of C29 sterol biosynthesis provides a benchmark for identifying older sterane signatures.
  • Environmental pressures, like glaciations, drove the evolution of sterol biosynthesis pathways in early algae.
  • Establishes a new framework for understanding early algal evolution and the rise of green algae.