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Updated: Feb 22, 2026
Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
Published on: September 19, 2022
(R-X-R)4 -Motif Peptides Containing Conformationally Constrained Cyclohexane-Derived Spacers: Effect on Cellular
Govind S Bhosle1,2, Moneesha Fernandes1,2
1Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
Abstract:
Arginine-rich peptides having the (R-X-R)n motif are among the most effective cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Herein we report a several-fold increase in the efficacy of such CPPs if the linear flexible spacer (-X-) in the (R-X-R) motif is replaced by constrained cyclic 1,4-substituted-cyclohexane-derived spacers. Internalization of these oligomers in mammalian cell lines was found to be an energy-dependent process. Incorporation of these constrained, non-proteinogenic amino acid spacers in the CPPs is shown to enhance their proteolytic stability.
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