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Next generation sequencing: an application in forensic sciences?

Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero1, Maria Saiz2, Belén Martínez-García1

  • 1a GENYO , Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Granada , España.

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Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) offers powerful tools for genetic identification, especially for degraded forensic samples. This technology enables comprehensive DNA analysis, crucial for challenging cases like mass disasters.

Keywords:
DNAGenetic identificationforensic applicationsnext generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomic Sciences
  • Forensic Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized DNA sequencing, enabling millions of reads and large DNA fragments.
  • NGS allows library generation from various DNA/RNA regions without prior sequence knowledge, aiding variation analysis and genetic identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a deep analysis of current Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies.
  • To evaluate NGS applications in forensic science, including genetic identification.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of NGS in forensic contexts.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus.
  • The search covered the period from December 2012 to June 2015.

Main Results:

  • NGS addresses challenges in forensic science, such as limited and degraded DNA samples.
  • Decreasing DNA input requirements for NGS libraries will maximize information from biological remains.
  • Microbiome typification presents a potential application for crime scene characterization.

Conclusions:

  • NGS technologies are vital for DNA human typing in mass disasters and compromised forensic samples.
  • NGS facilitates simultaneous analysis of autosomal DNA (STRs, SNPs), mitochondrial DNA, and X/Y chromosomal markers.