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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

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Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
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Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

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In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Electrically Controllable Magnetism in Twisted Bilayer Graphene.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • Twisted graphene bilayers exhibit unique electronic properties at small twist angles.
  • Localized states form around AA-stacked regions, influencing magnetic behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic polarization and ordering in twisted bilayer graphene under electrical bias.
  • To explore the emergence of spiral magnetism and its underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of twisted bilayer graphene.
  • Analysis of interaction effects and electrical bias on magnetic states.
  • Investigation of magnetic ordering, including spiral and antiferromagnetic instabilities.

Main Results:

  • Electrical bias induces either antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic (FM) polarization in AA-stacked regions.
  • FM-polarized regions exhibit spiral magnetic ordering with 120° misalignment, driven by frustrated antiferromagnetic exchange.
  • Spiral magnetism emerges without spin-orbit coupling and competes with lattice-antiferromagnetic instability.

Conclusions:

  • Twisted bilayer graphene offers electrically controllable magnetism.
  • The system serves as an ideal platform for studying frustrated magnetism in two dimensions.