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Borivoje Dakić1,2, Milan Radonjić2,3

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Researchers found that preparing macroscopic superposition states as ground states of gapped Hamiltonians is often impossible. The energy gap vanishes in the macroscopic limit, requiring new experimental strategies beyond simple cooling.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Condensed Matter Theory

Background:

  • Macroscopic superposition states are crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Understanding their stability and ground state properties is a fundamental challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the conditions under which macroscopic superposition states can exist as ground states of gapped local many-body Hamiltonians.
  • Determine the feasibility of preparing such states via ground state cooling.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of an upper bound on the energy gap for Hamiltonians with macroscopic superposition ground states.
  • Analysis of the gap behavior in the macroscopic limit for various superposition states.

Main Results:

  • An upper bound on the energy gap was derived.
  • For many macroscopic superposition states, the energy gap vanishes in the macroscopic limit.
  • Preparation of these states by simple ground state cooling is shown to be infeasible.

Conclusions:

  • Macroscopic superposition states are not naturally achievable as ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians under typical conditions.
  • New experimental strategies are required for the preparation of these states.
  • The developed methods can also address quantum marginal problems.