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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • The nature of dark matter remains one of the most significant unsolved problems in modern physics.
  • Current models often rely on dark matter annihilation to explain its abundance, but these models face stringent observational constraints.
  • An alternative mechanism for setting the dark matter abundance is needed to explore a wider parameter space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a novel mechanism for dark matter abundance determination.
  • To explore the implications of dark matter decoupling via inelastic scattering (coscattering).
  • To connect this coscattering mechanism to observable cosmological signatures.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of dark matter interactions within the early universe thermal bath.
  • Analysis of the coscattering mechanism involving dark matter and thermal bath states of comparable mass.
  • Investigation of the consequences for dark matter properties, such as mass and annihilation rates.
  • Exploration of potential observational signatures, including cosmic microwave background distortions.

Main Results:

  • The dark matter abundance can be set by the decoupling of inelastic scattering (coscattering) rather than annihilation.
  • This coscattering mechanism naturally accommodates dark matter that is exponentially lighter than the weak scale.
  • The proposed mechanism leads to a suppressed dark matter annihilation rate, alleviating constraints from indirect detection experiments.
  • Dark matter upscattering into heavier states whose subsequent decays can produce observable distortions in the cosmic microwave background blackbody spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The coscattering mechanism provides a viable alternative to standard annihilation models for explaining dark matter abundance.
  • This framework predicts dark matter properties consistent with current observational limits and suggests new avenues for detection.
  • Observable distortions in the cosmic microwave background offer a potential pathway to experimentally verify the coscattering hypothesis.