Bone availability for mandibular molar distalization in adults with mandibular prognathism

Area of Science:

• Orthodontics
• Dental Anatomy
• Cephalometrics

Background:

• Mandibular prognathism, characterized by Class III malocclusion, presents unique challenges in orthodontic treatment.
• Assessing the available retromolar space is critical for effective mandibular molar distalization strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify and compare the retromolar space in patients with Class I versus Class III malocclusion.
• To determine the suitability of retromolar space for molar distalization in different malocclusion types.

Main Methods:

• Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was utilized to measure posterior mandibular dimensions in 110 patients.
• Retromolar distances were measured from the distal root of the second molar to the mandibular cortex at various depths along sagittal and occlusal lines.
• General linear mixed models were employed for statistical comparison between Class I and Class III groups.

Main Results:

• No significant difference in retromolar space was observed along the sagittal line between malocclusion groups.
• A significantly greater retromolar space was found in the Class III group compared to the Class I group along the posterior occlusal line at 0 and 2 mm apical to the furcation.

Conclusions:

• Class III malocclusion patients exhibit increased retromolar space, specifically along the posterior occlusal line at the second molar furcation level.
• This finding suggests a greater potential for mandibular molar distalization in Class III patients under specific measurement conditions.